R&D expenditure % GDP in Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (IDA & IBRD) stood at 0.54% of GDP in 2021, according to World Bank. The latest value is up 0.05 percentage points from 0.49% of GDP in 2019.
Data source: World Bank · Unit: % of GDP · Category: Technology and Internet · Explore more indicators on EconDash
R&D expenditure % GDP, measured in % of GDP, measures the total economic output of Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (IDA & IBRD). It represents the broadest indicator of economic activity, capturing production, income, and expenditure across all sectors — from manufacturing and services to agriculture and government. GDP can be calculated three ways: by adding up all expenditures (consumption + investment + government spending + net exports), by summing all incomes earned, or by totaling value added at each production stage. In Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (IDA & IBRD), the statistical agency compiles GDP data through comprehensive surveys of businesses, government records, and household expenditure patterns. While GDP per capita provides insight into average living standards, it does not capture income distribution, environmental costs, or unpaid work like caregiving. Nevertheless, GDP growth remains the most widely followed metric for assessing whether an economy is expanding or contracting.
R&D expenditure % GDP in Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (IDA & IBRD) stood at 0.54% of GDP in 2021, according to World Bank.
The latest value is up 0.05 percentage points from 0.49% of GDP in 2019.
| Indicator | R&D expenditure % GDP |
|---|---|
| Country | Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (IDA & IBRD) |
| Category | Technology and Internet |
| Unit | % of GDP |
| Source | World Bank |
| Interactive chart | View on EconDash |
| API access | EconDash API documentation |
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World Bank. (2026). R&D expenditure % GDP — Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (IDA & IBRD) [Data set]. Retrieved November 13, 2026, from EconDash: https://econdash.org/chart/r-and-d-expenditure-percent-gdp/TMN. Original source: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
World Bank. "R&D expenditure % GDP — Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (IDA & IBRD)." EconDash, 2026, https://econdash.org/chart/r-and-d-expenditure-percent-gdp/TMN. Accessed 13 Nov. 2026. Original source: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS.
World Bank. 2026. "R&D expenditure % GDP — Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (IDA & IBRD)." EconDash. Accessed November 13, 2026. https://econdash.org/chart/r-and-d-expenditure-percent-gdp/TMN. Original source: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS.
@misc{econdash_r_and_d_expenditure_percent_gdp_tmn,
author = {{World Bank}},
title = {{R\&D expenditure \% GDP --- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan \& Pakistan (IDA \& IBRD)}},
howpublished = {EconDash},
year = {2026},
url = {https://econdash.org/chart/r-and-d-expenditure-percent-gdp/TMN},
note = {Accessed: 2026-11-13. Original source: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS}
}Browse indicators available for Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (IDA & IBRD). Click any indicator to view its interactive chart, compare with other countries, and download historical data.
| Demographics | 29 indicators |
|---|---|
| Healthcare | 29 indicators |
| Macroeconomics | 85 indicators |
| Education | 3 indicators |
| Commodities and Energy | 76 indicators |
| Technology and Internet | 7 indicators |
| Transport and Logistics | 11 indicators |
| Labor and Employment | 29 indicators |
| Financial Markets | 9 indicators |
| Total indicators | 278 |