# R&D expenditure % GDP — TKM
> Latest: 0.09 % of GDP (2023). Change: -0.1 pp vs 2022.
- Unit: % of GDP
- Frequency: Annual · Coverage: 2015–2023
- Data updated: 2026-10-08
- Source: World Bank — GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS — https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
- License: CC BY 4.0
- Interactive chart: https://econdash.org/chart/r-and-d-expenditure-percent-gdp/TKM
## Recent values
| Year | Value |
| :--- | :--- |
| 2019 | 0.11 |
| 2020 | 0.13 |
| 2021 | 0.10 |
| 2022 | 0.14 |
| 2023 | 0.09 |
## How to cite
APA: World Bank. (2023). R&D expenditure % GDP — TKM [Data set]. Retrieved November 13, 2026, from EconDash: https://econdash.org/chart/r-and-d-expenditure-percent-gdp/TKM. Original source: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
## Full data
Full time series: https://econdash.org/docs/agent-payments (free API trial for core indicators of 10 major economies; otherwise an API key or pay per call)