# R&D expenditure % GDP — OED
> Latest: 2.93 % of GDP (2023). Change: -0.0 pp vs 2022.
- Unit: % of GDP
- Frequency: Annual · Coverage: 1996–2023
- Data updated: 2026-10-08
- Source: World Bank — GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS — https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
- License: CC BY 4.0
- Interactive chart: https://econdash.org/chart/r-and-d-expenditure-percent-gdp/OED
## Recent values
| Year | Value |
| :--- | :--- |
| 2019 | 2.71 |
| 2020 | 2.92 |
| 2021 | 2.89 |
| 2022 | 2.94 |
| 2023 | 2.93 |
## How to cite
APA: World Bank. (2023). R&D expenditure % GDP — OED [Data set]. Retrieved October 22, 2026, from EconDash: https://econdash.org/chart/r-and-d-expenditure-percent-gdp/OED. Original source: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
## Full data
Full time series: https://econdash.org/docs/agent-payments (free API trial for core indicators of 10 major economies; otherwise an API key or pay per call)