# Out-of-pocket spending — JAM
> Latest: 20.25% (2023). Change: +1.2 pp vs 2022.
- Unit: %
- Frequency: Annual · Coverage: 2000–2023
- Data updated: 2026-10-08
- Source: World Bank — SH.XPD.OOPC.CH.ZS — https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.OOPC.CH.ZS
- License: CC BY 4.0
- Interactive chart: https://econdash.org/chart/out-of-pocket-spending/JAM
## Recent values
| Year | Value |
| :--- | :--- |
| 2019 | 26.89% |
| 2020 | 24.44% |
| 2021 | 21.96% |
| 2022 | 19.03% |
| 2023 | 20.25% |
## How to cite
APA: World Bank. (2023). Out-of-pocket spending — JAM [Data set]. Retrieved October 23, 2026, from EconDash: https://econdash.org/chart/out-of-pocket-spending/JAM. Original source: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.OOPC.CH.ZS
## Full data
Full time series: https://econdash.org/docs/agent-payments (free API trial for core indicators of 10 major economies; otherwise an API key or pay per call)